Section 462 of Cr. P. C.-Proceedings in the wrong place.
No finding, sentence or order of any Criminal Court shall be set aside merely on the ground that the inquiry, trial or other proceedings in course of which it was arrived at or passed, took place in a wrong sessions division, district, sub-division or other local area unless it appears that such error has in fact occasioned a failure of justice.
Section 463-Non compliance with provisions of section 164 or section 281.
(1) If any court before which a confession or other statement of an accused person recorded, or purported to be recorded under section 164 or section 261, is tendered, or has been received, in evidence finds that any of the provisions of either of such sections have not been complied with by the Magistrate recording the statement, it may, notwithstanding anything contained in section 91 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), take evidence in regard to such non-compliance, and may, if satisfied that such non-compliance has not injured the accused in his defence on the merits and that he duly made the statement recorded, admit such statement.
(2) The provisions of this section apply to Courts of appeal, reference and revision.
Section 464-Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in charge.
(1) No finding, sentence or order by a Court of competent jurisdiction shall be deemed invalid merely on the ground that no charge was framed or on the ground of any error, omission, or irregularities in the charge including any misjoinder of charges, unless, in the opinion of the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision, a failure of justice has in fact been occasioned thereby.
(2) If the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision is of opinion that a failure of justice has in fact been occasioned it may-
(a) in the case of an omission to frame a charge, order that a charge be framed and that the trial be recommended from the point immediately after framing of the charge;
(b) in the case of an error, omission or irregularity in the charge, direct a new trial to be had upon a charge framed in whatever manner it thinks fit:
Provided that if the court is of the opinion that facts of the case are such that no valid charge could be preferred against the accused in respect of the facts proved, it shall quash the conviction.
Section 465. Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity.
(1) Subject to the provisions hereinbefore contained, no finding, sentence or order passed by a court of competent jurisdiction shall be reversed or altered by a court of appeal, confirmation or revision on account of any error, omission or irregularities in the complaint, summons, warrant, proclamation, order, judgement or other proceedings before or during trial or in any inquiry or other proceedings under this Code, or any error, or irregularity in any sanction for the prosecution, unless in the opinion of that Court, a failure of justice has in fact been occasioned thereby.
(2) In determining whether any error, omission or irregularity in any proceeding under this Code, or any error, or irregularity in any sanction for the prosecution has occasioned a failure of justice, the Court shall have regard to the fact whether the objection could and should have been raised at an earlier stage in the proceedings.
Section 466-Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful.
No attachment made under this Code shall be deemed unlawful, nor shall any person making the same be deemed, a trespasser, on account of any defect or want of form in the summons, convictions, writ of attachment or other proceedings relating thereto.
No finding, sentence or order of any Criminal Court shall be set aside merely on the ground that the inquiry, trial or other proceedings in course of which it was arrived at or passed, took place in a wrong sessions division, district, sub-division or other local area unless it appears that such error has in fact occasioned a failure of justice.
Section 463-Non compliance with provisions of section 164 or section 281.
(1) If any court before which a confession or other statement of an accused person recorded, or purported to be recorded under section 164 or section 261, is tendered, or has been received, in evidence finds that any of the provisions of either of such sections have not been complied with by the Magistrate recording the statement, it may, notwithstanding anything contained in section 91 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), take evidence in regard to such non-compliance, and may, if satisfied that such non-compliance has not injured the accused in his defence on the merits and that he duly made the statement recorded, admit such statement.
(2) The provisions of this section apply to Courts of appeal, reference and revision.
Section 464-Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in charge.
(1) No finding, sentence or order by a Court of competent jurisdiction shall be deemed invalid merely on the ground that no charge was framed or on the ground of any error, omission, or irregularities in the charge including any misjoinder of charges, unless, in the opinion of the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision, a failure of justice has in fact been occasioned thereby.
(2) If the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision is of opinion that a failure of justice has in fact been occasioned it may-
(a) in the case of an omission to frame a charge, order that a charge be framed and that the trial be recommended from the point immediately after framing of the charge;
(b) in the case of an error, omission or irregularity in the charge, direct a new trial to be had upon a charge framed in whatever manner it thinks fit:
Provided that if the court is of the opinion that facts of the case are such that no valid charge could be preferred against the accused in respect of the facts proved, it shall quash the conviction.
Section 465. Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity.
(1) Subject to the provisions hereinbefore contained, no finding, sentence or order passed by a court of competent jurisdiction shall be reversed or altered by a court of appeal, confirmation or revision on account of any error, omission or irregularities in the complaint, summons, warrant, proclamation, order, judgement or other proceedings before or during trial or in any inquiry or other proceedings under this Code, or any error, or irregularity in any sanction for the prosecution, unless in the opinion of that Court, a failure of justice has in fact been occasioned thereby.
(2) In determining whether any error, omission or irregularity in any proceeding under this Code, or any error, or irregularity in any sanction for the prosecution has occasioned a failure of justice, the Court shall have regard to the fact whether the objection could and should have been raised at an earlier stage in the proceedings.
Section 466-Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful.
No attachment made under this Code shall be deemed unlawful, nor shall any person making the same be deemed, a trespasser, on account of any defect or want of form in the summons, convictions, writ of attachment or other proceedings relating thereto.
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